1,669 research outputs found

    Principles for Designing Teaching and Learning Spaces

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    "The Principles for Designing Teaching and Learning Spaces consider the classroom environment within the context of what is known about students’ learning. These Principles are then translated into specific design features to guide design decisions, such that learning spaces become a physical manifestation of the university’s teaching and learning vision.

    Research-Informed Principles for (Re)designing Teaching and Learning Spaces

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    Designing physical learning environments that connect to indicators of effective educational practice reflects a university’s pedagogical commitment to student success. This article describes an approach to teaching and learning space design based on research-informed pedagogical principles implemented successfully at our university. It then articulates how those principles can be translated into classroom design features, with examples. These principles have had an operational and conceptual impact on campus, providing a framework for diverse audiences to think about spaces in a way that reflects shared goals, language and values

    Healthcare AI: A Revised Quebec Framework for Nursing Education

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    Artificial Intelligence Health Technologies (AIHT) are taking their place in the practice of nursing. However, the curricula have not evolved to include competencies required of nursing graduates to incorporate their impact on theory and practice. This project was born of an identified need by nurse educators to articulate new competencies grounded in the literature and expert knowledge. Based on extensive literature reviews and an iterative process of expert validation, this paper provides recommendations for five new competencies that will be needed for nurses to use AIHT responsibly, ethically, and intelligently in the best interests of patient care. The methodology started with a literature review, then expert validation, leading to the development of the proposed competency framework, and finally validation with experts in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and healthcare. The first two competencies proposed address the underlying theory needed for effective practice: 1) Students will be able to apply knowledge of informatics and digital health technology to the practice of nursing, and 2) Students will be able to apply their knowledge of AIHT and their inherent benefits and limitations. The subsequent three competencies address application in practice: 3) Students will be able to use AIHT safely and effectively within their nursing practice, 4) Students will be able to participate in the development of AIHT guidelines considering ethical, social, and legal implications, and 5) Students will be able to engage in the development of AIHT training to support continuing nurse education. Clear statements, achievement contexts, elements, and performance criteria are provided for all levels of post-secondary education in Quebec including RN, BScN, and graduate-level programs. The proposed framework would also be of interest to nurse educators across Canada and internationally. Résumé Les technologies de l’intelligence artificielle en santé (TIAS) prennent leur place dans la pratique infirmière. Cependant, les programmes d’études n’ont pas évolué pour inclure les compétences requises des diplômées et diplômés en sciences infirmières afin d’intégrer leur impact sur la théorie et la pratique. Ce projet est né d’un besoin cerné par des professeures et enseignantes infirmières d’articuler de nouvelles compétences fondées sur la littérature et sur les connaissances d’experts. Basé sur des analyses approfondies des écrits et sur un processus itératif de validation par des experts, cet article fournit des recommandations pour cinq nouvelles compétences qui seront nécessaires aux infirmières et infirmiers pour utiliser les technologies de l’intelligence artificielle en santé de manière responsable, éthique et intelligente dans l’intérêt supérieur des soins aux patients. L’approche méthodologique a commencé par une revue de la littérature, puis une validation par des experts, conduisant à l’élaboration du référentiel de compétences proposé, et enfin une validation auprès d’experts en intelligence artificielle (IA) et en santé. Les deux premières compétences proposées portent sur la théorie sous-jacente nécessaire à une pratique efficace : 1) Les étudiantes et étudiants seront en mesure d’appliquer leurs connaissances en informatique et en technologie numérique de la santé à la pratique infirmière, et 2) Les étudiantes et étudiants seront en mesure d’appliquer leurs connaissances des technologies de l’intelligence artificielle en santé ainsi que de leurs avantages et limites inhérents. Les trois compétences suivantes concernent l’application dans la pratique : 3) Les étudiantes et étudiants seront en mesure d’utiliser les technologies de l’intelligence artificielle en santé de manière sûre et efficace dans leur pratique infirmière, 4) Les étudiantes et étudiants seront en mesure de participer à l’élaboration des lignes directrices des technologies d’intelligence artificielle en santé en tenant compte des implications éthiques, sociales et juridiques, et 5) Les étudiantes et étudiants seront en mesure de s’engager dans l’élaboration de la formation en matière de technologies d’intelligence artificielle en santé pour soutenir la formation continue des infirmières et infirmiers. Des énoncés clairs, des contextes de réussite, des éléments et des critères de rendement sont fournis pour tous les niveaux d’études postsecondaires au Québec, y compris les programmes techniques pour les infirmières et infirmiers, de baccalauréat en sciences infirmières et d’études supérieures. Le référentiel proposé pourrait intéresser également les formatrices et formateurs en sciences infirmières ailleurs au Canada et à l’international

    Addressing Common Concerns about Online Student Ratings of Instruction: A Research-Informed Approach

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    Concerns over the usefulness and validity of student ratings of instruction (SRI) have continued to grow with online processes. This paper presents seven common and persistent concerns identified and tested during the development and implementation of a revised SRI policy at a Canadian research-intensive university. These concerns include bias due to insufficient sample size, student academic performance, polarized student responses, disciplinary differences, class size, punishment of rigorous instructor standards, and timing of final exams. We analyzed SRI responses from two mandatory Likert scale questions related to the course and instructor, both of which were consistent over time and across all academic units at our institution. The results show that overall participation in online SRIs is representative of the student body, with academically stronger students responding at a higher rate, and the SRIs, themselves, providing evidence that may moderate worries about the concerns.   Avec les processus Ă©lectroniques, les inquiĂ©tudes quant Ă  l’utilitĂ© et Ă  la validitĂ© des Ă©valuations de l’enseignement par les Ă©tudiants (EEE) ne cessent de croĂ®tre. Le prĂ©sent document rĂ©vèle sept problèmes communs et constants concernant l’utilitĂ© et la validitĂ© des Ă©valuations Ă©lectroniques de l’enseignement par les Ă©tudiants (EEE) en ligne qui ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s et testĂ©s dans une universitĂ© canadienne centrĂ©e sur la recherche. Parmi ces problèmes, on compte une dĂ©formation des rĂ©sultats attribuable Ă  un Ă©chantillon de taille insuffisante, une faible performance scolaire des Ă©tudiants, une polarisation des rĂ©ponses des Ă©tudiants, des diffĂ©rences disciplinaires, des classes de taille inĂ©gale, une perception nĂ©gative face aux attentes Ă©levĂ©es de certains chargĂ©s de cours et l’horaire des examens finaux. Nous avons analysĂ© les rĂ©ponses Ă  deux questions obligatoires, selon une Ă©chelle de Likert, et liĂ©es au cours et Ă  son chargĂ© de cours. Les deux questions ont conservĂ© leur cohĂ©rence au fil du temps et au sein de l’ensemble des unitĂ©s d’enseignement de notre institution. Les rĂ©sultats dĂ©montrent que la participation Ă  l’EEE en ligne est gĂ©nĂ©ralement reprĂ©sentative du corps Ă©tudiant, bien que le taux de participation des Ă©tudiants plus performants au niveau acadĂ©mique s’est rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© plus Ă©levĂ©. Cela nous fournit un argument important pour rĂ©pondre aux inquiĂ©tudes souvent Ă©mises au sujet des problèmes liĂ©s Ă  l’EEE

    L’évaluation des enseignements par les étudiants (EEE)

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    Cet article présente une approche de l’évaluation des enseignements par les étudiants (EEE) axée sur le soutien au développement professionnel des enseignants, qui se distingue d’une approche visant le contrôle de la qualité de l’enseignement. Une telle approche peut être mise en place ou soutenue par les centres ou services de pédagogie universitaire au sein des universités. L’article explique les principes essentiels de la mise en place d’une démarche d’EEE. L’illustration de ces principes à l’aide de trois cas propose des pistes pour la mise en place d’une démarche d’évaluation visant le soutien au développement professionnel des enseignants mais aussi des pistes de recherche à explorer.This article presents an approach to student evaluation of teaching that is oriented towards faculty professional development more than towards quality control. This approach can be implemented and supported by university centres for teaching and learning. The article explains the principles that should be considered when implementing a process of student evaluation of teaching and provides three illustrative cases. Ideas for implementing an evaluation system designed to support faculty professional development are presented along with ideas for further research on this topic.Dieser Artikel legt eine Herangehensweise über die Bewertung des Unterrichts durch die Studenten vor, die auf die Unterstützung der beruflichen Entwicklung der Professoren stützt, aber sich von einer Herangehensweise unterscheidet, die zur Qualitätskontrolle des Unterrichtens tendieren würde. Eine solche Herangehensweise kann von pädagogischen Abteilungen innerhalb der Universität eingeführt oder unterstützt werden. Der Artikel legt die wesentlichen Prinzipien zur Einführung eines Prozesses der Bewertung des Unterrichts durch die Studenten vor. Die Veranschaulichung dieser Prinzipien durch drei Studienfälle bietet Hinweise zur Einführung eines solchen Bewertungsprozesses vor, die auf die Unterstützung der beruflichen Entwicklung der Professoren abzielt, aber auch Denkanstöße für weitere Forschungen anbietet.Este artículo presenta una aproximación de la evaluación de las enseñanzas por los estudiantes (EEE) centrada en el apoyo al desarrollo profesional de los docentes, que se diferencia de una aproximación apuntando a controlar la calidad de la enseñanza. Semejante aproximación puede ser organizada o apoyada por los centros o servicios de pedagogia universitaria dentro de las universidades. El artículo explica los principios esenciales a la instalación de un proceso de EEE. La ilustración de estos principios con la ayuda de tres casos propone algunas pistas para la puesta en práctica de semejante proceso de evaluación que apunta al apoyo al desarrollo profesional de los docentes, pero también algunas pistas de investigación para explorar

    Un modèle adaptable d'une école informatisée

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    Le présent document est issu des travaux réalisés dans le cadre du projet École informatisée Clés en main. Ce projet de recherche-action a été mené de 1994 à 1998 dans deux écoles pilotes, soit l’école polyvalente Saint-Jérôme, de la commission scolaire de la Rivière du Nord3, et à l’école secondaire de la Pointe-aux-Trembles4, de la commission scolaire de la Pointe-de-l’Île. Une trentaine de partenaires provenant du milieu de l’éducation, de la recherche, de l’entreprise privée et du milieu gouvernemental ont également participé à ce projet, en offrant leur expertise, leur soutien financier, des logiciels ou encore du matériel informatique. Le projet poursuivait deux objectifs : - Le premier objectif consistait à élaborer un modèle d’une école informatisée. Nous entendons par cette expression non pas une vision idéale, unique et immuable de l’utilisation des technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC) dans les écoles du Québec, mais une vision systémique et adaptable des multiples usages possibles des TIC dans l’ensemble des processus d’une école typique. - Le deuxième objectif consistait à élaborer un modèle générique d’une démarche d’intégration des TIC dans une école, c’est-à-dire une procédure claire pouvant être adaptée à chaque école ainsi que des documents d’aide à cette démarche. Ensemble, les deux “ modèles ” devaient servir de cadre de référence pour aider les milieux scolaires à faire des choix adaptés à leurs besoins spécifiques en matière d’implantation des TIC, que ce soit dans le cadre d’activités d’enseignement et d’apprentissage, d’activités de gestion scolaire ou encore d’activités d’exploitation des ressources documentaires. Le présent document est le résultat du travail accompli pour atteindre le premier objectif

    Finding robust solutions for constraint satisfaction problems with discrete and ordered domains by coverings

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    Constraint programming is a paradigm wherein relations between variables are stated in the form of constraints. Many real life problems come from uncertain and dynamic environments, where the initial constraints and domains may change during its execution. Thus, the solution found for the problem may become invalid. The search forrobustsolutions for constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) has become an important issue in the ¿eld of constraint programming. In some cases, there exists knowledge about the uncertain and dynamic environment. In other cases, this information is unknown or hard to obtain. In this paper, we consider CSPs with discrete and ordered domains where changes only involve restrictions or expansions of domains or constraints. To this end, we model CSPs as weighted CSPs (WCSPs) by assigning weights to each valid tuple of the problem constraints and domains. The weight of each valid tuple is based on its distance from the borders of the space of valid tuples in the corresponding constraint/domain. This distance is estimated by a new concept introduced in this paper: coverings. Thus, the best solution for the modeled WCSP can be considered as a most robust solution for the original CSP according to these assumptionsThis work has been partially supported by the research projects TIN2010-20976-C02-01 (Min. de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spain) and P19/08 (Min. de Fomento, Spain-FEDER), and the fellowship program FPU.Climent Aunés, LI.; Wallace, RJ.; Salido Gregorio, MA.; Barber Sanchís, F. (2013). Finding robust solutions for constraint satisfaction problems with discrete and ordered domains by coverings. Artificial Intelligence Review. 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-013-9420-0S126Climent L, Salido M, Barber F (2011) Reformulating dynamic linear constraint satisfaction problems as weighted csps for searching robust solutions. In: Ninth symposium of abstraction, reformulation, and approximation (SARA-11), pp 34–41Dechter R, Dechter A (1988) Belief maintenance in dynamic constraint networks. In: Proceedings of the 7th national conference on, artificial intelligence (AAAI-88), pp 37–42Dechter R, Meiri I, Pearl J (1991) Temporal constraint networks. Artif Intell 49(1):61–95Fargier H, Lang J (1993) Uncertainty in constraint satisfaction problems: a probabilistic approach. In: Proceedings of the symbolic and quantitative approaches to reasoning and uncertainty (EC-SQARU-93), pp 97–104Fargier H, Lang J, Schiex T (1996) Mixed constraint satisfaction: a framework for decision problems under incomplete knowledge. In: Proceedings of the 13th national conference on, artificial intelligence, pp 175–180Fowler D, Brown K (2000) Branching constraint satisfaction problems for solutions robust under likely changes. In: Proceedings of the international conference on principles and practice of constraint programming (CP-2000), pp 500–504Goles E, Martínez S (1990) Neural and automata networks: dynamical behavior and applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, DordrechtHays W (1973) Statistics for the social sciences, vol 410, 2nd edn. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New YorkHebrard E (2006) Robust solutions for constraint satisfaction and optimisation under uncertainty. PhD thesis, University of New South WalesHerrmann H, Schneider C, Moreira A, Andrade Jr J, Havlin S (2011) Onion-like network topology enhances robustness against malicious attacks. J Stat Mech Theory Exp 2011(1):P01,027Larrosa J, Schiex T (2004) Solving weighted CSP by maintaining arc consistency. Artif Intell 159:1–26Larrosa J, Meseguer P, Schiex T (1999) Maintaining reversible DAC for Max-CSP. J Artif Intell 107(1):149–163Mackworth A (1977) On reading sketch maps. In: Proceedings of IJCAI’77, pp 598–606Sam J (1995) Constraint consistency techniques for continuous domains. These de doctorat, École polytechnique fédérale de LausanneSchiex T, Fargier H, Verfaillie G (1995) Valued constraint satisfaction problems: hard and easy problems. In: Proceedings of the 14th international joint conference on, artificial intelligence (IJCAI-95), pp 631–637Taillard E (1993) Benchmarks for basic scheduling problems. Eur J Oper Res 64(2):278–285Verfaillie G, Jussien N (2005) Constraint solving in uncertain and dynamic environments: a survey. Constraints 10(3):253–281Wallace R, Freuder E (1998) Stable solutions for dynamic constraint satisfaction problems. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on principles and practice of constraint programming (CP-98), pp 447–461Wallace RJ, Grimes D (2010) Problem-structure versus solution-based methods for solving dynamic constraint satisfaction problems. 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    Learning while evaluating: the use of an electronic evaluation portfolio in a geriatric medicine clerkship

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    BACKGROUND: Electronic evaluation portfolios may play a role in learning and evaluation in clinical settings and may complement other traditional evaluation methods (bedside evaluations, written exams and tutor-led evaluations). METHODS: 133 third-year medical students used the McGill Electronic Evaluation Portfolio (MEEP) during their one-month clerkship rotation in Geriatric Medicine between September 2002 and September 2003. Students were divided into two groups, one who received an introductory hands-on session about the electronic evaluation portfolio and one who did not. Students' marks in their portfolios were compared between both groups. Additionally, students self-evaluated their performance and received feedback using the electronic portfolio during their mandatory clerkship rotation. Students were surveyed immediately after the rotation and at the end of the clerkship year. Tutors' opinions about this method were surveyed once. Finally, the number of evaluations/month was quantified. In all surveys, Likert scales were used and were analyzed using Chi-square tests and t-tests to assess significant differences in the responses from surveyed subjects. RESULTS: The introductory session had a significant effect on students' portfolio marks as well as on their comfort using the system. Both tutors and students reported positive notions about the method. Remarkably, an average (± SD) of 520 (± 70) evaluations/month was recorded with 30 (± 5) evaluations per student/month. CONCLUSION: The MEEP showed a significant and positive effect on both students' self-evaluations and tutors' evaluations involving an important amount of self-reflection and feedback which may complement the more traditional evaluation methods

    Tumor mutational burden and PTEN alterations as molecular correlates of response to PD-1/L1 blockade in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer

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    Purpose: Few patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). On the basis of immunotherapy response correlates in other cancers, we evaluated whether high tumor mutational burden (TMB) ≥10 nonsynonymous mutations/megabase and PTEN alterations, defined as nonsynonymous mutations or 1 or 2 copy deletions, were associated with clinical benefit to anti-PD-1/L1 therapy in mTNBC. Experimental design: We identified patients with mTNBC, who consented to targeted DNA sequencing and were treated with ICIs on clinical trials between April 2014 and January 2019 at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (Boston, MA). Objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were correlated with tumor genomic features. Results: Sixty-two women received anti-PD-1/L1 inhibitors alone (23%) or combined with targeted therapy (19%) or chemotherapy (58%). High TMB (18%) was associated with significantly longer PFS (12.5 vs. 3.7 months; P = 0.04), while PTEN alterations (29%) were associated with significantly lower ORR (6% vs. 48%; P = 0.01), shorter PFS (2.3 vs. 6.1 months; P = 0.01), and shorter OS (9.7 vs. 20.5 months; P = 0.02). Multivariate analyses confirmed that these associations were independent of performance status, prior lines of therapy, therapy regimen, and visceral metastases. The survival associations were additionally independent of PD-L1 in patients with known PD-L1 and were not found in mTNBC cohorts treated with chemotherapy (n = 90) and non-ICI regimens (n = 169). Conclusions: Among patients with mTNBC treated with anti-PD-1/L1 therapies, high TMB and PTEN alterations were associated with longer and shorter survival, respectively. These observations warrant validation in larger datasets
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